Electric meter.



N0a 698,638. Patn ted Apr. 29, I902" L T. DUNCAN. ELECTRIC METER.

(Application filed Apr. 11, 1898.) (No Model.)

4 Sheets-Sheet I.

No; 698,638. Patented Apr. 29, I902.

T; DUNCAN.

ELECTRIC METER.

I (Application filed A pr. 11, 1898.) .(No Model.) '4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Fig. 4.

Wan Lewes 1 amvwwlioz 7 v lttpzmu wa'tgw nu; mama Pi-rzns m. Prim-Luauwnsnmsrou. n a

Na.698,638. Pafented Apr. 29, I902.

T. DUNCAN ELECTRIC METER.

v (Apiflication fl l ed Apr. 11. 1598. (No Modgl.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

Fig. 5.

@QEQ? 2a 7H5 NORRIS PETERS 00,. mormumc" wnnn c'rou. a. c.

No. 698,638 Patented Apr. 29, I902 I T. DUNCAN.

' ELECTRIC METER.

(Application filed Apr. 11 1898;)

4 Sheets-$heet 4.

(No Model.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS DUNCAN, or FORT WAY E, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR TO THE sIEMENs aI-IALSKE ELECTRIC COMPANY OF AMERICA, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIs, ACORPORATION OF ILLINOIS. I

ELECTRIC,- METER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 698,638, dated April29, 1902.

Application filed April 11, 1898. Serial No.'67'7,110. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: tion may be devised, however, withoutdepart-Be it known that I, THOMAS DUNCAN, a citiing from its spirit.

zen of the United States, residing at Fort Iam aware that magneticquadraturein the Wayne, in the county of Allen, in the State volt orpressure coil has heretotore been ohof Indiana, have invented certainnew and tained by the use of an auxiliary coil orwinduseful Improvementsin Electric Meters; and ing operating in conjunction with the volt- I dohereby declare that the following is a coil; but this auxiliary coileither receives its full, clear, and exact description oftheinvencurrents from the main line by being eontion, which will enableothers skilled in the nected in multiple therewith or byits being a IOart to which it appertains to make and use the closed-circuitedsecondary of itselt'and adaptsame, reference being had to theaccompanyed to receive currentsby induction when subing drawings, whichform part of this specifijected to the inductive influence of the voltcation. 1 or pressure coil as its primary. I find that My presentinvention relates to integrating in both of these methods the energyconsumed I5 motor-meters of the induction type or class in maintainingsuch quadrature is much less adapted for use in alternating-currentwork. efiicient than in my present method about to It is well known thatthe accurate measurebe described. ment of the energy inalternating-current sys- In the accompanying drawings, in which temspossessing inductance requires that the similar reference numeralsindicate like 20 magnetic field representing the electromotive parts,Figure 1 is a side view of my improveforce of the system of supply be inquadrature ment with the energizing-coils taken in verwith the saidelectromotive force. tical central section, showing their relativeVarious methods of securing a magnetic arrangement. Fig; 2is a similarview to Fig. field in quadrature with theline electromotive 1, with theauxiliary coil arranged outside of 25 force have been devised, some ofwhich are theLvolt-coil instead of the inside thereof. unstable andunreliable in operation because Fig. 3 is a like view and shows theauxiliary of their susceptibility to changes in periodiccoil wound uponan iron core and adapted for ity, pressure, and temperature. a verticaladjustment within the volt-coil.

The object, therefore, of my presentinven- Fig. 4 is also a verticalsection of the energiz- 30. tion is to provideareliable and efficientmeans ingcoils, showing a modified. construction for measuring inductiveloads by securing in whereby the auxiliary coil can be so adjusted theenergizing-coil which-represents the line'- that its magnetic axis willbe at anydesired pressure a magnetic field in quadrature with angle tothe axis of theinclosing volt-coil. Fig. such pressure. 5 is a verticalcentral section showing a con- 3 5 In my divisional application SerialNo. tact-switch adapted to connect the said aux- 49,394, filed March 1,1901, I have claimed my iliary coil to diderent portions of thevolt-coil. improved method. j p Fig; 6 is also in vertical section,showing an My present improvement comprises in its adjustable ironcorewithin theyserie's fieldpreferred embodiment a series field coil orcoil. Fig. 7 shows a cylindrical formof ar- 40 coils connected in themain leads supplying mature embracedby the energizing coils, 9othetranslating devices,ac1osedrevolublemeshown in horizontal section.Fig. 8 shows tallic armature in inductive relation to said thefield-coils mounted upon aniron punching series field, a volt'orpressure coil connected and a concentric arrangement of the volt-coil inmultiple to the supply-mains and includand the auxiliary coil upon aniron core and 5 ing a suitable impedance-coil in series with within thecylindrical armature,the armature it, an auxiliary coil in parallel withand in and energizing-coils; being shown n trans mutual cooperation withthe said volt-coil, ,verse section. Fig. 9 isa diagrammatic view and asuitable measuring mechanism adapted showing the relative Values and thephase reto indicate or record the revolutions of said lation of themagnetizing forces of the coils 5o armature. Other embodiments of myiuven 7 and 8. 10o

The upright revoluble armature spindle or shaft 1 is properly supportedin suitable bearings in the usual or other proper manner and carriesupon its upper end a worm 3, adapted for a meshing engagement with aproperregistering mechanism 22. At a suitable point 'on said spindle isrigidly fixed either a disk metallic armature, as shown in Figs. 1 to 6,inclusive, ora cylindrical form of armature, as shown in Figs. '7 and 8,the said armature being preferably of aluminium.

Referring now to those views showing a disk form of armature: In closeproximityto. the lower face of said armature is arranged the seriesfield or ampere coil 5, connected with the generator 4, which suppliesthe translating devices in the workcircuit 6 through the main leads 17and 18. The current flowing through this field-coil sets up a magneticfield proportional to said current. Upon the opposite side of saidarmature is arranged a volt or pressure coil 7, whose magnetic axis isparallel with, but not concentric with the magnetic axis of the saidseries field-coil 5. The said volt-coil 7 receives its current from themains 17 and 18 by being connected therewith in multiple with the Wires11 and 12. An auxiliary phase-changing coil 8 is used in mutual andcoaxial relation with the said volt-coil 7 and receives its current byconduction from the wires 9 and 10, which are connected in multiple tothe terminals of the said volt-coil 7. This auxiliary coil may bearranged in coaxial relationwith the said volt-coil either within orwith out the same, as shown, or it may be made adjustable Within thevolt-coil by means of a lever-arm 20, having upon its free outer end aslotted head and adapted for a lateral adjustment upon the fixedset-screw 21 whereby the magnetic axis of the said auxiliary coil can bereadily and conveniently adjusted to any desired angle with the axis ofthe voltooil. By this construction a slight starting torque can beimparted to the said armature for the purpose of overcoming the frictionand inertia incident to starting on small loads.- The auxiliary coil 8maybe provided with an iron core 19, Figs. 3 and 8, and it may bearranged coaxially with said volt-coil and within the cylindricalarmature, as shown in Fig. 8. Any suitable means for adjusting the ironcore 19, Fig. 3, may be employed, such as that shown by a support 28,rod.30, and set-screw 29. An impedance-coil 16 is wound upon a straightcore 15 and properly secured inside of the surrounding envelop 14:. Thisconstruction is easily made and readily assembled and gives the bestimpeding efiect. The envelop 14: may be provided upon two of itsopposite inner edges with vertical recesses to receive the correspondingpolar ends of the core 15, which is then somewhat longer than the widthof thecoil 16. The core 15 and the envelop 14 are made from iron punchinseries with the said volt-coiland receives its currents from the mains17 andlS by being connected therewith in multiple with the wires 11 and12, and the coil 8 receives its currents by conduction from the wires 9and 10, which are connected in multiple to the terminals of the saidvolt-coil. A resistance 13 is shown arranged in circuit with the saidcoil 8 and its leads 9 and 10. A contactswitch 23 may be provided, Fig.5, which is connected in series with the auxiliary coil 8 and by meansof which the said coil 8 is connected to different portions or windingsof the volt-coil.

In Fig. 6 is shown a vertically-arranged iron core 24, rigidly fixedupon a plate 25, havingitsoppositeendslongitudinallyslotted to admit therespective set-screws 26. The plate 25 is thus adapted for alongitudinal sliding adjustment upon its support. The function of thiscore 24 is to enable the meter to start on very small loads by impartingan auxiliary or starting torque to the revoluble armature to overcomethe incidental friction and inertia.

The action and manner of employing the core 24 are as follows: Assumingthat no'current is traversing the series coil'5, but that a current istraversing the shunt field-coils -7 and 8, the resultant magnetism ofthese said core 2% toward or away from the saidcoils 7 and 8. In thepresent instance the speed of the armature is adjusted to overcome thefriction and inertia only, as before stated. Obviously the said core 21can readily be adapted for a vertical instead of a horizontaladjustment, if desired, and the amount of iron in said core can bevaried to produce the desired results. i

In Fig. 8 the field-coils 5 are shown as mounted upon theinwardly-projecting and diametrically opposite polar extensions of theiron punching 27, which constitutes a closed type of field. The coils 7and Sin this construction arearranged within the cylindrical armature.

Obviously the relative arrangement of the energizing and phase-changingcoils may be indefinitely varied without departing from the spirit andscope of my invention.

Briefly stated, the operation of my invention is as follows: lVhen animpulse of current from the generator traverses the coil 5, a magneticfield is set up in said coil which is in phase with the electromotiveforce of the circuit 17 and 18 when the work-circuit consists ofincandescent lamps or other noninductive translating devices. To havethe torque exerted upon the said armature pro portional to the real oractual watts when the current inthe seriescoil 5 lags, as whereaninductive 'load is substituted for the said lamps, themagneticfieldsetup by thevolt coil must be ninety degrees behind the pressureof thecircuit Hand 18, and also ninety degrees behind the magnetism of theseries coil 5 when the load is non inductive. To produce a lag of thecurrent in the voltcoil, the impedance-coil 16 is inserted in seriestherewith; but for reasons well understood in the art the impedance-coilcan} not retard the phase of the current to exactly ninety degrees, butwill be somewhat less than quadrature. To obtain quadrature, I employthe auxiliary coil Sand shunt it around the volt coil 7, as described,and by varying the resistance'l which is in series with the auxiliarycoil 8, I combine their respective magnetizing forces into a resultantwhich is in exact quadrature with the pressu re at the terminals of theshunt-leads Hand 12.

This is best understood with reference to Fig.

9, in which the line E represents the im pressed electromotive force ofthe system and also the magnetism of the series field-coil-5 when theload isnon inductive. The line 7 represents the magnetism of the coil 7,which is caused to lag by the impedance-coil 16, connected in seriestherewith. The line 8 represents the phase and magnetism of the coil 8,which does not lag as much as that of the said coil 7, because its turnsare less in number and have a non-inductive resistance 13 in seriestherewith; but by reversing the turns or convolutions of the said coil8, so that they oppose the turns of the coil- 7, theline 8 willrepresent their phase relation to the line 7; Then by completing theparallelogram of forces in the usual mannerthe resultant magnetism ofthe said coils 7 and S is shown 'by the line 7. By winding thoauxiliarycoil 8 with resistance-wire and properly proportioning its length ofWire and numberof turns the said resistance 13 may be dispensed with.The said revoluble armature is actuated by the shifting fieldestablished by the series coil 5 and the resultant field of the coils 7and'S. If the pressure is constant, the speed will be proportional tothe current passing through the coil 5, and if the current through theseries coil 5 is constant the speed will vary directly as the currentthrough the voltcoil or as the pressure at the terminals of theshunt-wires l1 and 12. If there is no inductance in the work-circuit,the speed of the armature will be proportional to the'product of thecurrent values through the coils 5 and 7 or of amperes and volts; but ifthe load is inductive the speed will be proportional to the product ofthe pressure and current and the cosine of the phase angle.

Any suitable retarding device in which the.

retardation varies directly as the speed may be employed to make thespeed of the meter proportional to the energy passing through it, suchas may be obtained by revolving a metallic disk armature between thepoles of a permanent magnet or magnets. Such a magnet'or magnets maybeadapted to em brace said armature between their poles to obtain therequired retardation, if desired.

What I desire to secure by LettersPatent 1. In a motor-meter, thecombination with a series field-coil, of an armature in inductiverelation therewith, a shunt field-coil also in inductive relationwithsaid armature, adapted for inclusion with circuit-mains, anauxiliaryshunt-coil reversely included with said mains, and means for deflectingmore or less of lines of force of said auxiliary shunt-coil through saidarmature, substantially'asde scribed.

2. In a motor-meter, the combination with a series field-coil, of anarmature in inductive, relationtherewith, a shunt field-coil also ininductive relation with said armature, adapt ed for inclusion withcircuit-mains, an auxiliary shunt-coil conductively included with saidmains, the said auxiliary shunt-coil beingincluded with the mainsin areverse direction, and means for moving said auxiliary shunt-coil,thereby to vary the magnetic effect of the lines of force of saidauxiliary shunt-coil on the armature, substantially as described. i

The combination of a series coil; :1. volt or shunt coil; an auxiliarycoil in multiple to said volt-coil; means forvarying the axis ofmagnetization of said auxiliary coil out of parajlielism with the axisof magnetization of thesaid voit-coil and a revoluble metallic armatureadapted to be actuatedby the combined influence of the said series andvolt and aux iliary coils. V w i j 4. In a motor-meter for alternatingcurrents, a series coil orcoils; a volt-coil; an impedancecoil in serieswith said volt-coil;i.an

auxil iary coil in cooperative relation with said volt-coil; means forconnecting said auxiliary coil in multiple to more or less of theconvolutions of said volt-coil; anda closed revolu' ble metallicarmature in inductive relation to saidenergizing-coils. i a

5. I The combination with the pressure fieldcoil of an inductionmotor-meter, of a revoluble armature in inductive relation there'- with,an adjustable iron core '24 to assist in overcomingthe friction of thebearings by-at tracting laterally through the said armaturethjemagnetism representing the electromotive force and produced by thesaid pressurerfieldcoil, the said iron core having its longitudinal axisparallel with but eccentric to the said pressure field-coil, a secondpressure field-coil receiving currentindependently-of-the aforesaidpressure field-coil,--and :means for afiordin g said core a lateraladjustment for the purpose described. I a

6. In an induction motor-meter; a series field-coil, a volt "or pressurecoil, an auxiliary coil shunted around the said pressure-coil, theconvolutions ofsaid auxiliary coilbeing wound in a direction opposite toor opposing the convolutions of said pressure-coil, an impedance-coil inseries with said pressure-coil, a revoluble metallic armature ininductive relation to said series, pressure and auxiliary coils, andmeans for moving the said auxiliary coil thereby to vary the magneticeffect of the lines of force of said auxiliary shuntcoil on thearmature, substantially as described.

7. In a motor-meter, the combination with a series field-coil, of anarmature in inductive relation therewith, a shunt field-coil also ininductive relation with said armature, adapted for inclusion withcircuit-mains, an auxiliary shunt-coil reversely included with saidmains, means for deflecting more or less of lines of force of saidauxiliary shunt-coil through said armature, and an impedancecoil inmultiple series arrangement with said shunt-coils, substantially as'described.

8. In an induction-meter, the combination with series and shunt coils,of an armature in inductive relation therewith, a core associated withsaid shunt-coil for deflecting lines of force through said armature toinduce eddycurrents therein for the purpose of overcoming friction ofsaid armature, said core having its longitudinal axis parallel with saidcoil, and mounted on the side of the armature opposite to the side onwhich the pressurecoil is located, and means for varying the magneticrelation of said core to said coils, substantially as described.

9. In an electric meter, the combination with a current-winding, of apressure-winding, an auxiliary pressure field-Winding cooperativelyassociated with the said pressurewinding and included in shunt of turnsof the said pressure-winding and being included therewith in aseries-parallel connection with the source of current, means foreffecting a relative displacement between the said pressure-windings,and a revoluble armature subjected to the action of saidenergizing-windings, substantially as described.

10. In an electric meter, the combination with a current-winding, of apressure-winding, an auxiliary pressure field-winding cooperativelyassociated with the said pressurewinding and included in shunt of turnsof the said pressure-winding and being included therewith in aseries-parallel connection with the source of current, means forefi'ecting a relative displacement between the said pressure-windings, arevoluble armature subjected to the action of said energizing-windings,and a phasemodifier associated with said series-parallel circuit,substantially as described.

11. In an electric meter, the combination with a current-winding, of apressure-winding, an auxiliary pressure field-winding cooperativelyassociated with the said pressurewinding and included in shunt of turnsof the said pressure-winding and being included therewith in aseries-parallel connection with the source of current, means foreffecting a relative displacement between the said pressure-windings, arevoluble armature subjected to the action of said energizing-windings,and a phase-modifier in series with saidpressure-windings,substantiallyas described.

12. In an electric meter, the combination with a current-winding, of apressure-winding, an auxiliary pressure field-winding cooperativelyassociated with the said pressurewinding and included in shunt of turnsof the said pressurewinding and being included therewith in aseries-parallel connection with the source of current, means foreffecting a relative displacement between the said pressure-windings, arevoluble armature subjected to the action of said energizing-windings,and an impedance-coil in series with said pressure-windings.

13. An alternating-current electric motor provided with acurrent-winding, a pressure field-coil and an auxiliary coil in multiplewith the pressure-coil, and adjustable in position with respect to saidpressure-coil, substantially as described.

14. An alternating-current electric motor provided with acurrent-winding and two rela tively adjustable pressure field-coils inparallel with each other and in series parallel with a source ofcurrent, substantially as described.

Signed by me at Fort Wayne, Allen county, State of Indiana, this 8th dayof April, A. D.

THOMAS DUNCAN. Witnessesz JOHN E. DALTON, HOMER V. CARPENTER.

